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It goes without saying that the time we can use is limited.Therefore,even an hour is extremely precious.We shouid makefull use of our time to do useful things.As students we mustnot relax（放松）our efforts to engage in our studies so asto serve society and our nation in the future.
But it is a pity that there were a lot of people who do notknow the importance of time.They spend their precious timesmoking,drinding and chatting.They do not realize thatwasting time is equal to wasting a part of their valuablelife.
In a word,we should form the good habit of saving time.Donot put off what can be done today until tomorrow.
这篇文章有四段。第一段是引言段，提出时间比金钱更宝贵，我们必须珍惜时间这个论题。第二段是扩展段，说明时间是有限的，作为学生更要充分利用它来学习，以利将来为国家服务。第三段也是扩展段，指出有些人还没有认识时间的价值。第四段是结论段，作出我们必须养成节约时间习惯的诊断。这四段话刚好是起——承——转——合的结构。
从这篇文章还可以看到，英语作文的起承转合会用上一些特定的词语。下面分别作简单的介绍。
1.常用在引言段开头（起）的词语：
Generaily speaking,...一般地说，……
A proverb says,"..."有句谚语说，“……” (来源：英语杂志 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
Many people often ask this question,"..."许多人常常问这个司题，“……？”
First of all...首先……/At present...当今……
2.常用在第一个扩展段开头（承）的词语：
To take...for an example，……以……为例
Now that we know that...既然我们知道……
What is more important is that...更为重要的是……
That can be expressed as follows:...这可以分述如下：……
in other words，换句话说
second，第二，
3.常用在第二扩展段开头（转）的词语：
But it is a pity that...但是很可惜，……
But the problem is not so slmple.但是问题并非如此简单。
On the other hand,...另一方面，……
On the contrary,...相反……
However,...然而……
4.常用在结论段开头（合）的词语：
In a word,...总而言之，……
On account of this,we can find that...由此我们可以知道……
In conclusion，结论是……
In short,...简言之，……
As has been noted...如前所述……
Therefore,...因此，……
At last,...最后，……
下面有一篇文章谈论“我们为什么要参加体育运动”。它的引言段、扩展段和结论段的次序是混乱的，请同学们按起承转合的顺序把它们排正，并注意段落开头表示起承转合的词语。
Why should we take part in sports and games?
①Therefore,every one of us,young or old,man or woman,should take an active part in sports and games.
②Besides,sports and games are also good for character-training.Unselfishness,courage,discipline,love of one'scountry and so on,are virtues that a citizen should have.Students learn a lot about these from books.But in sportsand games they learn to play fair,cooperate with other teammembers,go all out to win the match and think of honor of thegroup.All this will help them to become better eitizens.
③Everybody knows that sports and games build our bodies,prevent us from too fat and keep us healthy.They also give usvaluable practice in helping the eyes,brain and muscles worktogether.Such kind of practice is especially useful for thosewho work with their brains most of the time.
④It goes without saying that sports and games are not onlyamusements.They are of great value both to one's body andmind.
上文四个段落的正确排列次序是④—③—②—①。还要指出的是，这篇文章的两个扩展段③和②，都是说明体育运动的价值，起“承”的作用，所以这篇文章没有“转”这个环节。
最后尚需强调的是在命题作文中有很多学生没有表达主要思想，很多学生不会运用细节来扩充主题句。这是因为在平时训练中多为“词—句—段”式。缺乏衔接性、逻辑性等，致使他们的写作水平停留在词汇、语法、句型的运用上。须知，内容是文章的灵魂，是前提，也是写作的目的，应加足够注意。同时要从语篇水平上考虑谋篇布景，内容表达、语法修辞等诸方面的训练，这应是写作教学的重点之一。 |
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