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（2）中国的山水画
【原文】
要说明山水画（1）的布置，先得说明山水画的构图（2）原理。原来山水画的构图，不是对景写实，而是用鸟瞰（3）的方法，将真景缩小（4），然后加以描写的。眼睛（5）中所能看到的，只有一重（6）山或一重水，这样简单的景物，是不容易构成山水画面的。作画的人，得走入山水的深处，遍观所有的风景（7），回到家里，把所经历的地方，像画地图似的缩写出来，还得把自己放的很大（8），把风景缩的很小，好像看假山（9）似的，才能构成“咫尺千里” （10）的画面。
【译文】
In order to explain the disposition of a landscape painting，we have to make clear at first the principle of its composition.Originally the composition of landscapes is not to paint a real picture as we see it，but to depict by means of a bird’s eye view，namely，to diminish the subject matter in a nutshell.What we can see with our naked eyes is generally only a single layer of mountains or rivers.This of course is not enough for us to compose a scene of the landscape.The one who paints ought to go into the heart of mountains and rivers，inspecting all the scenery before he puts down from memory on returning home the whole scope of his travelled regions as a miniature as he draws a map.In doing so，he has to enlarge himself as big as possible and contract the scenery as small as a rock?work to look upon，then he can for the first time compose a picture of thousand miles represented on a few?foot piece of paper or the like.
【注释】
（1）山水画：landscape painting.（2）构图：composition.（3）鸟瞰：a bird’s eye view.（4）缩小：diminish.（5）眼睛：指肉眼。our naked eyes.（6）重：layer.（7）遍观所有的风景：inspect all the scenery.注意scenery指一个地方或某一带的风景，不可写成复数如山景则说mountain scenery，海岸风光则说coast scenery，风景如画则说picturesque scenery.又如The scenery of West Lake is impressive.西湖的山水留给游人深刻的印象。（8）放大：enlarge.（9）假山：rock?work.（10）咫尺千里：a picture of thousand miles represented on a small piece of paper. (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)
（3）为学
【原文】
天下事有难易乎（1）？为之，则难者亦易矣；不为，则易者亦难矣。人之为学（2），有难易乎？学之，则难者亦易矣；不学，则易者亦难矣。
蜀（3）之鄙（4）有二僧：其一贫，其一富。贫者语于富者曰：“吾欲之（5）南海（6），何如？”
富者曰：“子（7）何恃（8）而往？”
曰：“吾一瓶一钵（9）足矣。”
富者曰：“吾数年来欲买舟（10）而下，犹未能也。子何恃而往！”
越明年（11），贫者自南海还，以告富者，富者有惭色（12）。
西蜀之去南海，不知几千里也（13）。僧富者不能至（14），而贫者至焉。人之立志（15），顾（16）不如蜀鄙之僧哉！（彭端淑）
【译文】
There is nothing difficult for us to do in the world.If we do it，the difficult thing will be easy；if we don’t，the easy thing will be difficult.There is nothing dificult for us to learn.If we learn it，the difficult thing will be easy；if we don’t，the easy thing will be difficult.
There lived two monks in the western frontier of Szechuan,one poor and the other rich.One day the poor monk said to the rich one.
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